| 'nghUshjhuk; vd;gJ fle;jhz;Lfspy; NkYk;; Ghpe;J nfhs;s Kbahj xd;whfTk;> cyf epfo;TfspypUe;J tpyfpr; nrd;Ws;s xd;whfTNk ,Ue;J te;Js;sJ. nghUsp
ayhsh;fs; ngUk;ghYk; cz;ikahd nghUshjhu Kiwikapd; nraw;ghLfis Muha;tjpy;iy. mth;fs; nfhs;iffshf kl;LNk mjid tFf;fpd;whh;fs;. vyp b Nthd;]; vd;w Mq;fpy nghUspayhsh; xUKiw $wpaJ Nghy; 'nghUspayhsh;
fSf;F Fjpiuiag; gw;wp Muha Ntz;Lkhapd; mth;fs; Fjpiufisr; nrd;W ghh;itapl Ntz;Lk;. mth;fs; jq;fsJ fw;if miwfSf;Fs; ,Ue;J nfhz;L ehd; xU Fjpiuahf ,Ue;jhy; ,g;gbj;jhd; nra;Ntd; vd;W jkf;Fj; jhNk nrhy;yf; $lhJ".
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Kjyhspj;Jtk; Vd; Nkw;Fyfpy; ntw;wpf;nfhb ehl;baJ> eilKiwapy;
mJ Vd; Vida ,lq;fspy; jl;bf;fopf;fg;gl;lJ vd;w gpur;rpidf;Fj; jPh;T fhz Ntz;ba jUzk; te;J
tpl;lJ |
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cyfpd; rh;tNjr tWik vd;W $wpaJNk ek; fz; Kd;Nd tUk; fhl;rpfs; fy;fj;jh efu tPjpfspd; Xuq;fspy; cwq;fpf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; gpr;irf;fhuh;fs;> kzypy; grpNahL gLj;Jwq;Fk; Mgphpf;fr; rpWth;fs; vd;gdthfj;jhd; ,Uf;Fk;. cz;ikapy; ,e;jf; fhl;rpfs; mryhdit. ,yl;rf;fzf;fhd vkJ rf kdpjg; gpwtp
fSf;F vkJ cjtp Njitg;gLfpd;wJ. vt;thwhapDk; cyfpd; ,e;j Nkhrkhd fhl;rpfs; kpfTk; rhpahdit my;y. ,e;jf; fhl;rpfs; ,e;jr; r%fj;jpd; nrhj;Jf;fis cUthf;Ftjw;F ghhpa Kaw;rpfis Nkw;
nfhz;L> jhz;lf;$ba mj;jid jil
fisAk; fle;J te;j rpwpa njhopy; Kaw;rpahsh;fspd; fLikahd ciog;Gf;Fj; jpiuapl;L tpl;ld. xU MZk; ngz;Zk; kpfTk; rpukg;gl;L jkf;fhfTk; jkJ gps;isfSf;fhfTk; tPnlhd;iwf; fl;Lk; cz;ikahd fhl;rp> ahUNk cUthf;f KbAk; vd;W fw;gid $l nra;ahj njhopy;Jiwia mth;fs; kpfTk; f~;lg;gl;L cUthf;Ffpd;wdh;. ,it kiwf;fg;gl;Ls;s fhl;rpfs;. ,e;j tPuk; kpf;f njhopy;Kaw;rpahsh;fisj;jhd; g+Nfhs tWikg; gpur;rpidf;Fg; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;gth;fs; vd;W Fwpg;gplg;gLtij ehd; fz;bf;fpd;Nwd;. |
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mnkhpf;f rptpy; Aj;jk; ,lk;ngw;W rpy Mz;Lfspd; gpd; u]y; nfhd;nty; vd;w tphpTiuahsh; xU nra;jpapd; %yk; mnkhpf;fh KOtJk; cs;s ,yl;rf;fzf;
fhd kf;fspd; ftdj;ij <h;j;jhh;. mth; ,e;jpa th;j;jfh; xUtiug; gw;wpa fijiaf; $wpdhh;. me;j ,e;jpa th;j;jfhplk; ,iw J}jh; xUth; $wpdhh;. cd;Dila fw;gidfSf;F mg;ghy; eP cdf;Fhpa nghf;fp~j;ijf; fz;L gpbj;jhy;jhd; cd;dhy; nry;te;jdhf KbAk; vd;W. me;j tpahghhp clNd cyfk; KOtJk; jdJ nghf;fp~j;ijj; Njb gazk; nra;Jtpl;L KJikNahL ehL jpUk;gpdhh;. mth; re;jpj;jJ Njhy;tpAk; JauKk; jhd;. mth; iftplg;gl;l epiyapypUe;j jdJ tPl;Lf;Fs; kPz;Lk; gpuNtrpj;jJk; mtUf;Ff; Fbg;gjw;F nfhQ;rk; jz;zPh; Njitg;gl;lJ. Mdhy; mtUf;Fr; nrhe;jkhd fpzW J}h;e;J NghapUe;jJ. clNd mth; jdf;nfd xU Gjpa fpziwj; Njhz;l Muk;gpj;jhh;. mq;F mtUf;Ff; fpilj;jNjh cyfpd; kpfg; ngWkjpahd itur; Ruq;fkhd fy;nfhz;lh.
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nfhd;nty; $wpa ,e;jf; fij %ykhd nra;jp mg;Nghija mnkhpf;fh;fSf;Fg; gad;kpf;fjhf ,Ue;jJ. %d;whk; cyf ehLfspdJk;> Kd;dhs; fk;a+dp] ehLfspd
Jk; jiyth;fs; jq;fsJ mjph;~;lj;Jf;fhf cyf ehLfspd; ntsptptfhu mikr;Rf;
fspYk;> rh;tNjr epjp epWtdq;fspYk; jq;fpapUf;ff; $lhJ. mth;fsJ tWik kpf;f may; gpuNjrq;fspYk;> Nrhpg;Gw efuq;fspYk; ituf;fy; Vf;fh;fs; gy ,Uf;fyhk;. ,it bhpy;ypad; fzf;F nlhyh; ngWkjpahditahf ,Uf;fyhk;. nrhj;Jf;fis vg;gb [PtDs;s %y
jdkhf;FtJ vd;w kh;kj;ij ehk; njhpe;J nfhz;lhy; kl;LNk ,e;j nlhyh;fis ehk; cgNahfpf;fyhk;.
1950 Mk; Mz;Lf;F Kd; ngUk;ghyhd
%d;whk; cyf ehLfs; tptrha r%fq;
fshfNt fhzg;gl;ld. gjpndl;lhk;
E}w;whz;bd; INuhg;ghit cs;Shpy; czUk; msTf;F ,e;j r%f mikg;Gf;fs; xOq;F nra;ag;gl;bUe;jd. xU nghpa epyg;gpuGf;fshy; nrhe;jk; nfhz;lhlg;gl;l fhzpfspy; ngUksT kf;fs; Ntiy nra;jdh;. ,e;jg; gpuGf;fspy; rpyh; ngUk; rYiffisg; ngw;Wf; nfhz;l nfhLq;Nfhyh;fshff; fhzg;gl;ldh;. Vida
th;fNsh fhyzpj;Jtj;jpd; gq;fhspfshff;
fhzg;gl;ldh;. efuq;fs; rpwpaitfshff; fhzg;glld. mit ifj;njhopy; ikaq;
fshfr; nraw;gLtjw;Fg; gjpyhf re;ijfshfTk;> JiwKfq;fshfTk; fhzg;
gl;ld. kpff; fLikahd rl;ljpl;lq;fs; vd;w Nghh;itapy; jkJ eyd;fis kl;LNk ghJfhj;Jf; nfhz;l xU rpwpa th;j;jf $l;lj;jpd; Mjpf;fj;jpd; fPo; mit fhzg;gl;ld.
1950 f;Fg; gpd; %d;whk; cyf ehLfspy; nghUshjhug; Gul;rp Vw;gl;lJ. 1800 ,y; INuhg;ghtpy; Vw;gl;l r%f khw;wk; kw;Wk; nghUshjhu |
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Fog;gepiyfSf;F xj;jjhf,J ,Ue;jJ. fpuhkg;Gwj; njhopyhsh;fSf;fhd Nfs;tp Gjpa ,ae;jpuq;fshy; Fiwa Muk;gpj;jJ.
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mNjNghy; Gjpa kUe;Jfs; kw;Wk; Rfhjhu Nrit Kiwfs; vd;gd rpR kuz tPjj;ijf; Fiwj;jNjhL MAs; fhyj;ijAk; ePbj;jd. tpiutpNyNa
E}w;Wf;fzf;fhd> Mapuf;fzf;fhd kf;fs; efuq;fis Nehf;fp Gjpjhf eph;khzpf;fg;gl;l ghijfshy; gtdptu Muk;gpj;jdh;. |
Nkw;Fyfpd; th;j;jf r%fj;jpy;> Kjyhspj;Jtj;ij mKy; nra;tjpy; cyfpd; Vida mNefkhd gpuNjrj;jpy; Vw;gl;l Njhy;tpahdJ ghhpa nghUsh
jhuq;fs; gbg;gbahf tPo;r;rpaile;J tpLNkh vd;w xU ngUk; ftiyia Vw;gLj;jpapUe;jJ. ,yl;r;rf;fzf;fhd KjyPl;lhsh;fs; mth;fsJ re;ij epjpaq;fs; fhypahf Muk;gpj;jijaLj;J xU f\;lkhd ghlj;ijAk; gbj;Jf; nfhz;ldh;. mJjhd; g+Nfhskakhf;fy; vd;gJ ,Utopg; ghij vd;gjhFk;.
%d;whk; cyf ehLfSk;> fk;a+dp] Njrq;fSk; Nkw;Fyf nry;thf;fpypUe;J jg;gpf;f Kbahtpl;lhy;> Nkw;FyFf;Fk; $l mitfsplkpUe;J tpLgl KbahJ. gzf;fhu ehLfs; kj;jpapYk; $l Kjyhspj;Jtj;Jf;F vjpuhd Nkhrkhd tpisTfs; tsuj; njhlq;fpd. 1999 Mk; Mz;L brk;gh; khjk; cyf th;j;jf ];jhgd khehL ~pml;lypy; ,lk;ngw;wNghJ ele;j td;Kiwfs;>
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iaAk; kPwp Kjyhspj;Jt nry;thf;fpw;F vjpuhfg; gutptUk; Nfhgj;jpd; jd;ikiaNa ntspg;gLj;jp epd;wJ. ,r;re;jh;g;gj;jpy; nghUshjhu tuyhw;wp
ayhsuhd fhy; nghydpapd; Rje;jpu re;ijahdJ r%fj;NjhL Nkhjp gh]p]j;ij cUthf;ff;$Lk; vd;w vr;rhpf;ifia gyUf;F epidt+l;baJ. ghhpa mOj;jk; fhuzkhf ePzl fhy fisg;gpd; %yk; [g;ghd; nghpa Nghuhl;lNk elj;jpf; nfhz;bUe;jJ.
\%d;whtJ topia| fhl;Ltjhf thf;FWjpaspj;j murpay;thjpfSf;F Nkw;F [Nuhg;gpah;fs; thf;fspj;jdh;. gpuhd;]py; $l ,J ,lk;ngw;wJ.
,e;j vr;rhpf;if rkpf;iQfs; ,Jtiu Fog;gj;ij Vw;gLj;jpdhYk; $l mnkhpf;f kw;Wk; INuhg;gpa jiyth;
fSf;F kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; cyFf;F mNj Nghjidiaj; jhd; epfo;j;j Ntz;ba epiyia Vw;gLj;jpaJ. cq;fsJ ehza myFfis cWjpahf;fpf; nfhs;Sq;fs;> cWjpahfg;gw;wpg; gpbj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;> fyfq;fis myl;rpak; nra;Aq;fs;> ntspehl;L KjyPl;lhsh;fs; jpUk;gp tUk;tiu nghWikahff; fhj;jpUq;fs; vd;gitjhd; me;jg; Nghjidfs;.
cyfpYs;s twpa kf;fspd; Jauq;fspy; xd;whf mth;fsplk; Nrh;j;J itf;fg;
gl;Ls;s nrhj;Jf;fisahUNk Mtzg;
gLj;jtpy;iy vd;gij ed;nfhil mikg;Gf;fs; mbf;fb Rl;bf;fhl;b
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%bitj;Jtpl;L fz;fisj; jpwe;J ghh;j;Njhk;. ehd;F fz;lq;fspd; efuq;
fspYk;> tPjpfspYk;> %is KLf;F
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gj;njhd;gjhk; E}w;whz;L Kjy; nrhj;Jf;
fis cUthf;Ftjw;fhd xU epWtd hPjpahd mbj;jsj;ij jdJ gpui[
fSf;F toq;f gy ehLfs; Nkw;Fyf rl;lq;fisg; gpujpgz;zp te;Js;sd. ,d;Wk; $l ,j;jifa rl;lq;fis mth;fs; gpujpgz;zp tUfpd;wdh;. ntspg;gilahf mJ nraw;gLtjpy;iy. gy gpui[fSf;Fj; jkJ Nrkpg;Gf;fis %yjdkhf;f ,d;dKk; ,e;jr; rl;lq;fisg; ghtpf;f Kbtjpy;iy. ,e;j epiyapy;; rl;lj;ijr; nray; kpf;fjhf;Ftjw;F NjitahdJ vd;d vd;gJTk; ,d;dKk; kh;kkhfNt cs;sJ.
Kjyhspj;Jtk; Vd; Nkw;Fyfpy; ntw;wpf; nfhb ehl;baJ> eilKiwapy; mJ Vd; Vida ,lq;fspy; jl;bf;fopf;fg;gl;lJ vd;w gpur;rpidf;Fj; jPh;T fhz Ntz;ba jUzk; te;Jtpl;lJ. Kjyhspj;J
tj;Jf;fhd mwpTg+h;tkhd khw;wPLfs; jw;NghJ kiwe;J Ngha;tpl;ld. ,Wjpahf ehk; %yjdj;ijg; gw;wp czh;r;rptrg; glhky; kpff; ftdkhf Muha Ntz;ba epiyf;F te;Js;Nshk;. |
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